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FORUM TPSIPOL: DEMOCRATIC RED (RED)
Celebrating 10 years
BULLETIN No 8
THE CHALLENGES OF PERU AND LATIN AMERICA: CONFRONTING GLOBALIZATION AND INSTITUTIONS IN THE XXI CENTURY
exclusive interview from New York
to
(*) Ambassador Oswaldo de Rivero
The current management of Peru's foreign policy: diplomacy without program
(PART I)
Arts. rels.
Http: / / oswaldoderivero.blogspot.com
deinstitutionalization of Foreign Affairs
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/eleccion/message/26603
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/eleccion/message/26567
Links Partners are cordially invited readers to send us your comments on the first part of this interview.
All comments received will be considered as part of the second part of the interview to be conducted by video and could be seen in Democratic Network Blog next week. 08/02/2009
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in our interest to continue to analyze the present national and international scenario and make proposals to the troubling challenges facing Peru's foreign policy material, we visited (*) Embj. Oswaldo de Rivero in his apartment in New York City, who granted us an exclusive interview on the current management of Peru's foreign policy during the present administration of President Alan Garcia. Here
refer the first part of the interview. The second part will be posted on the Democratic Network Blog on Video, the next week. Be found at: Http: / / reddemocratica.blogspot.com
C. Gayoso
Editor
Democratic Network New York
09/02/2009
"... we are in a kind of diplomacy without a program or plan of precise and clear foreign policy, diplomacy Peru is working below their talent installed. "
1. How do you see the recent amendments to the law of the Peruvian Foreign Service?
Embj. De Rivero: Unnecessary and generating discontent and conflict and consequent poor image of the Service ..
2. Is it possible to speak of institutions in the Sector for External Relations enacting legislation that directly undermine their own names to certain ambassadors of the Sector and benefit others? "Torre Tagle has lost the concept of honor?
Embj. De Rivero : The Foreign Ministry came into instability with Fujimori and since that time, continues to suffer constant cycles of instability caused by small sometimes ambition and above all by an astonishing lack of political management.
Everything can be done without legislation and the legislative and wounding entangled because rights and expectations, legal mistakes. And this gives me grief because it seems a banana Chancery practicing "all for my friends and the law for others." All this creates confrontation because the staff affected by legal changes defend and create conflicts that spill over into the ministry and affects the image of the diplomatic service.
we think the foreign embassies, with so many lawsuits that cause legal change, with such setbacks, promotions validated, invalidated, promotion reconsideration, dated age changes, deadlines etc.
And now with the availability and turnover, this is totally unnecessary.
I've lost track of all the laws that have changed since 1991. We can say that most of the officials who have been in service since that time may have a personal history of instability, as has been dismissed, lost years of career change ages and the requirements for promotion, cancellation of promotions, new forms of branding, changing the retirement age, lack of respect of acquired rights and precarious now converting rotation and availability, which was a right and a clause safeguard policy in favor of the diplomat, in an act of grace that gives the government.
I do not think Torre Tagle has lost the concept of honor, but the concept of "error" that is constantly changing the Foreign Service Act and rules are constantly giving unnecessary and also not discussed with the diplomats.
This is a problem about Latin American cultural consisting believe that institutions are improving because it has good laws, not because they have good examples of professional and ethical.
3. Apparently there is a retraction of the external management of Peru in the region and prorización partnerships with major international economic blocs,
How do you see this scenario?
Embj. De Rivero: I understand that there have been mainly economic blocs. The European Union Summit and the APEC were managed in the previous government. This government took the initiative, these commitments are met and carried out well.
Now you want to achieve a Treaty Free Trade Agreement with the European Union, if it serves to strengthen our preferences and increase our exports in Africa, avoid protectionism that can come with the worsening global crisis, which is very possible, I do not see why not.
What does exist, at the highest level is an easing of policy leadership that took Peru to succeed in creating a South American System. The proposed strategic alliance with Brazil, is of low intensity, has been in the field of road integration.
A true strategic partnership involves making the actual bases on the coast of Peru, which will enable an effective and durable projection of Brazil to the Pacific in which there must be a large component of South American military and security integration, especially naval between Peru and Brazil. But even now that it is present the U.S. Fourth Fleet.
addition, the South American country there is an unnecessary departure, sometimes arrogant, with Bolivia and a constant cycle of instability with Chile which have not been able to create a rapid mechanism that will avoid cyclical Things like, many of whom are products of Peruvian sensitivity to a Chilean national culture, always fraught nineteenth century militarism and armaments, truly bizarre, which influences how the Chilean political class sees international relations Peru and also with other countries.
4. Unlike the outsourcing of the administration of former President Toledo, there is a complete abandonment of Peruvian initiatives within the multilateral framework of the United Nations, do you think should be the inertia in the multilateral framework of the UN?
Embj. De Rivero: not really know it must be with this organization where a Peruvian was the Secretary General, this is a mystery to me, but as you say contrast.
Toledo attended the General Assembly and the Head of State of Peru and took an important contact with the major global challenges and discussed them with other Heads of State in the Assembly. Were present at the highest level meeting that called on all leaders of the world. We were Presidents of the Second Economic Committee of the Assembly, ECOSOC members, Chairmen of the Commission on Human Rights. Committee members who made the reform of the United Nations. We do not support the invasion of Iraq and we at the initiative of Peru to obtain a consensus not to support the American invasion in the Rio Group at the United Nations.
Also, during the presidency of Peru in the Rio Group at the United Nations, attended as invited by the Peruvian delegation to discuss economic and security issues with all international Ambassadors of the Group of Rio, teachers Joseph Stiglitz and Paul Kennedy. Also, Kofi Annan visited Peru. Our country came to participate with troops in peacekeeping operations the United Nations after many years.
The General Assembly declared, at our initiative, to South America as an area of \u200b\u200binternational peace our country was elected to the Security Council after more than 20 years. In the Security Council suggest that climate change was a topic of the Council for its future impact on international stability, unfortunately for reasons of change of government, we could not complete this effort. However, the Delegation Britain from the beginning he was interested in my suggestion, I get to introduce the topic. This interesting it is an achievement of United Nations activity.
5. In this context, what do you consider you. should be the main activities of Peru under the United Nations and other international organizations?
Embj. De Rivero: primarily in the United Nations, climate change can affect us terribly and the issues of Human Rights and Terrorism, which are potentially sensitive in the country. In the WTO and the Andean Community, the fight against protectionist measures that can arise as a result of the crisis may affect our exports.
6. Do you think that we are in Peru with a diplomatic "status quo", with no real management of foreign policy initiatives?
Embj. De Rivero: I think we are in a kind of diplomacy without a program or plan of precise and clear foreign policy, the Peruvian diplomacy is working below their talent installed.
7. How do you see the current process in the Hague Convention on Maritime Delimitation between the Government of Peru and Chile? What if in the case of Peru to promote the ruling of the Hague, the government of Chile was declared in default?
Embj. De Rivero: This is a very good question. We must prepare on the assumption that Chile does not comply with a ruling in equity in the Hague that can give you totally right in Peru, or not giving any reason, can earn a portion of the disputed maritime domain. Chile does not accept a hypothesis is entirely probable. The Foreign Ministry and the Ministry of Defence must realistically consider the possibility. Chile's position should not take us by surprise. We must assess this now. It is a task of state. The Government began the trial must begin work on a position of Peru for the next government continue this work in order to be prepared. If both Governments do not, this would be the strongest evidence that we are very far from the nation state.
8. How do you think the current financial downturn will affect Latin America and democracies, particularly in Peru?
Embj. De Rivero: unemployment, more poverty and social turmoil.
9. Peru Is he prepared for the consequences that will lead to climate change? How do you consider that Peru might save the risks of being a viable country in the future?
Embj. De Rivero: No nation is prepared, the emission of warming gases continue to rise too. If nothing is done, according to the specialists, will soon be irreversible.
Peru will be terribly affected because it is among the 30 countries in the world who suffer more "physical and social imbalance." This imbalance occurs when the resources necessary for survival, water, food and energy become scarce and expensive while the urban population explodes. The great urban explosion in the sea has lost not only water and food security to the country but also energy security.
Peru, before oil exporter, now has to import prices also that will not go down but once again has come up. Lima is growing at an average of more than 100 000 inhabitants per year and other major coastal cities also recorded high growth. In 2015 Lima has 10 million inhabitants and other cities to pass a million. This will increase the physical and social imbalance because the growing urban population of Peru who have low incomes, will lose access to sufficient food and energy, which will be expensive for these revenues internationally, but the most serious problem is the water, the shortage will worsen dangerously because global warming is melting glaciers that used to supply Lima and other cities. Today
73% of Peruvians live on the coast. This urban metastases an arid environment like the coast, where the Andes glaciers gone, around 2025, is the most important challenge to the viability of Peru.
Climate change is drying up the country, it is time to be taken seriously and become a central theme of our domestic and foreign policy.
Thank you for an interview with the Democratic Network.
(*) former Ambassador of Peru to the United Nations in New York City and author of various works as "The myth of development" translated into several languages.
New York, February
09/02/2009
RED EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW FOR DEMOCRATIC
refer the first part of the interview. The second part will be posted on the Democratic Network Blog on Video, the next week. Be found at: Http: / / reddemocratica.blogspot.com
C. Gayoso
Editor
Democratic Network New York
09/02/2009
"... we are in a kind of diplomacy without a program or plan of precise and clear foreign policy, diplomacy Peru is working below their talent installed. "
1. How do you see the recent amendments to the law of the Peruvian Foreign Service?
Embj. De Rivero: Unnecessary and generating discontent and conflict and consequent poor image of the Service ..
2. Is it possible to speak of institutions in the Sector for External Relations enacting legislation that directly undermine their own names to certain ambassadors of the Sector and benefit others? "Torre Tagle has lost the concept of honor?
Embj. De Rivero : The Foreign Ministry came into instability with Fujimori and since that time, continues to suffer constant cycles of instability caused by small sometimes ambition and above all by an astonishing lack of political management.
Everything can be done without legislation and the legislative and wounding entangled because rights and expectations, legal mistakes. And this gives me grief because it seems a banana Chancery practicing "all for my friends and the law for others." All this creates confrontation because the staff affected by legal changes defend and create conflicts that spill over into the ministry and affects the image of the diplomatic service.
we think the foreign embassies, with so many lawsuits that cause legal change, with such setbacks, promotions validated, invalidated, promotion reconsideration, dated age changes, deadlines etc.
And now with the availability and turnover, this is totally unnecessary.
I've lost track of all the laws that have changed since 1991. We can say that most of the officials who have been in service since that time may have a personal history of instability, as has been dismissed, lost years of career change ages and the requirements for promotion, cancellation of promotions, new forms of branding, changing the retirement age, lack of respect of acquired rights and precarious now converting rotation and availability, which was a right and a clause safeguard policy in favor of the diplomat, in an act of grace that gives the government.
I do not think Torre Tagle has lost the concept of honor, but the concept of "error" that is constantly changing the Foreign Service Act and rules are constantly giving unnecessary and also not discussed with the diplomats.
This is a problem about Latin American cultural consisting believe that institutions are improving because it has good laws, not because they have good examples of professional and ethical.
3. Apparently there is a retraction of the external management of Peru in the region and prorización partnerships with major international economic blocs,
How do you see this scenario?
Embj. De Rivero: I understand that there have been mainly economic blocs. The European Union Summit and the APEC were managed in the previous government. This government took the initiative, these commitments are met and carried out well.
Now you want to achieve a Treaty Free Trade Agreement with the European Union, if it serves to strengthen our preferences and increase our exports in Africa, avoid protectionism that can come with the worsening global crisis, which is very possible, I do not see why not.
What does exist, at the highest level is an easing of policy leadership that took Peru to succeed in creating a South American System. The proposed strategic alliance with Brazil, is of low intensity, has been in the field of road integration.
A true strategic partnership involves making the actual bases on the coast of Peru, which will enable an effective and durable projection of Brazil to the Pacific in which there must be a large component of South American military and security integration, especially naval between Peru and Brazil. But even now that it is present the U.S. Fourth Fleet.
addition, the South American country there is an unnecessary departure, sometimes arrogant, with Bolivia and a constant cycle of instability with Chile which have not been able to create a rapid mechanism that will avoid cyclical Things like, many of whom are products of Peruvian sensitivity to a Chilean national culture, always fraught nineteenth century militarism and armaments, truly bizarre, which influences how the Chilean political class sees international relations Peru and also with other countries.
4. Unlike the outsourcing of the administration of former President Toledo, there is a complete abandonment of Peruvian initiatives within the multilateral framework of the United Nations, do you think should be the inertia in the multilateral framework of the UN?
Embj. De Rivero: not really know it must be with this organization where a Peruvian was the Secretary General, this is a mystery to me, but as you say contrast.
Toledo attended the General Assembly and the Head of State of Peru and took an important contact with the major global challenges and discussed them with other Heads of State in the Assembly. Were present at the highest level meeting that called on all leaders of the world. We were Presidents of the Second Economic Committee of the Assembly, ECOSOC members, Chairmen of the Commission on Human Rights. Committee members who made the reform of the United Nations. We do not support the invasion of Iraq and we at the initiative of Peru to obtain a consensus not to support the American invasion in the Rio Group at the United Nations.
Also, during the presidency of Peru in the Rio Group at the United Nations, attended as invited by the Peruvian delegation to discuss economic and security issues with all international Ambassadors of the Group of Rio, teachers Joseph Stiglitz and Paul Kennedy. Also, Kofi Annan visited Peru. Our country came to participate with troops in peacekeeping operations the United Nations after many years.
The General Assembly declared, at our initiative, to South America as an area of \u200b\u200binternational peace our country was elected to the Security Council after more than 20 years. In the Security Council suggest that climate change was a topic of the Council for its future impact on international stability, unfortunately for reasons of change of government, we could not complete this effort. However, the Delegation Britain from the beginning he was interested in my suggestion, I get to introduce the topic. This interesting it is an achievement of United Nations activity.
5. In this context, what do you consider you. should be the main activities of Peru under the United Nations and other international organizations?
Embj. De Rivero: primarily in the United Nations, climate change can affect us terribly and the issues of Human Rights and Terrorism, which are potentially sensitive in the country. In the WTO and the Andean Community, the fight against protectionist measures that can arise as a result of the crisis may affect our exports.
6. Do you think that we are in Peru with a diplomatic "status quo", with no real management of foreign policy initiatives?
Embj. De Rivero: I think we are in a kind of diplomacy without a program or plan of precise and clear foreign policy, the Peruvian diplomacy is working below their talent installed.
7. How do you see the current process in the Hague Convention on Maritime Delimitation between the Government of Peru and Chile? What if in the case of Peru to promote the ruling of the Hague, the government of Chile was declared in default?
Embj. De Rivero: This is a very good question. We must prepare on the assumption that Chile does not comply with a ruling in equity in the Hague that can give you totally right in Peru, or not giving any reason, can earn a portion of the disputed maritime domain. Chile does not accept a hypothesis is entirely probable. The Foreign Ministry and the Ministry of Defence must realistically consider the possibility. Chile's position should not take us by surprise. We must assess this now. It is a task of state. The Government began the trial must begin work on a position of Peru for the next government continue this work in order to be prepared. If both Governments do not, this would be the strongest evidence that we are very far from the nation state.
8. How do you think the current financial downturn will affect Latin America and democracies, particularly in Peru?
Embj. De Rivero: unemployment, more poverty and social turmoil.
9. Peru Is he prepared for the consequences that will lead to climate change? How do you consider that Peru might save the risks of being a viable country in the future?
Embj. De Rivero: No nation is prepared, the emission of warming gases continue to rise too. If nothing is done, according to the specialists, will soon be irreversible.
Peru will be terribly affected because it is among the 30 countries in the world who suffer more "physical and social imbalance." This imbalance occurs when the resources necessary for survival, water, food and energy become scarce and expensive while the urban population explodes. The great urban explosion in the sea has lost not only water and food security to the country but also energy security.
Peru, before oil exporter, now has to import prices also that will not go down but once again has come up. Lima is growing at an average of more than 100 000 inhabitants per year and other major coastal cities also recorded high growth. In 2015 Lima has 10 million inhabitants and other cities to pass a million. This will increase the physical and social imbalance because the growing urban population of Peru who have low incomes, will lose access to sufficient food and energy, which will be expensive for these revenues internationally, but the most serious problem is the water, the shortage will worsen dangerously because global warming is melting glaciers that used to supply Lima and other cities. Today
73% of Peruvians live on the coast. This urban metastases an arid environment like the coast, where the Andes glaciers gone, around 2025, is the most important challenge to the viability of Peru.
Climate change is drying up the country, it is time to be taken seriously and become a central theme of our domestic and foreign policy.
Thank you for an interview with the Democratic Network.
(*) former Ambassador of Peru to the United Nations in New York City and author of various works as "The myth of development" translated into several languages.
New York, February
09/02/2009
RED EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW FOR DEMOCRATIC
